33^rd European Diabetes Congress

In Children’s, Teens & Adolescents

Thyroid problems are not rare in children, but they are not as common as parents. Hyperthyroidism an overactive thyroid gland, is seen only occasionally in new-borns. This condition is referred to as neonatal hyperthyroidism. Although thyroid disease occurs less frequently in children than in adults, the signs and symptoms can be similar. However, there are a few important differences that need to be brought to light. Congenital hypothyroidism is a disorder that affects infants at birth, and occurs in about 1 in 4000 live-born babies. It is characterised by the loss of thyroid function, due to the thyroid gland failing to develop normally. In some cases, the gland is totally absent. About 10 per cent of cases are caused by an enzyme defect leading to deficient hormones production, iodine deficiency and a brain pituitary gland abnormality. If the diagnosis is delayed, and immediate treatment is not given, congenital  hypothyroidism can lead to growth and developmental defects, and severe mental retardation.